Mononucleosis

Overview

Mononucleosis is a viral infection that goes by a variety of names including infectious mononucleosis mono and even "kissing disease". It was originally called "glandular fever" and is still known by that name throughout most of Europe. In North America mono is most common in teenagers and young adults.

Causes

Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus a member of the herpes virus family and one of the most common human viruses. Most people have been exposed to this virus by the time they're in their mid-thirties and have built up antibodies. While kissing can spread the disease it is more commonly passed on to others through coughing or sneezing. It can also be picked up from a glass or bottle that was used by an infectious person.

Symptoms

The virus may cause mild flu-like symptoms in younger children. Symptoms are more severe in adults and may include:

  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • sore throat or swollen tonsils
  • fever
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • headache
  • skin rash
  • loss of appetite

In severe cases mononucleosis can cause your spleen to swell and possibly rupture which will result in sharp pain on your lower left side. See your doctor immediately if this occurs. Other possible complications include anemia swollen tonsils inflammation of the heart and a variety of disorders of the nervous system. Researchers have also shown a possible link between mono and an increased risk of multiple sclerosis.

Treatment

Mono can't be cured. It needs to run its course naturally. About all you can do is treat the symptoms. Get sufficient bed rest and drink plenty of fluids. Antibiotics are useless against viral infections although they may be prescribed if there is a streptococcal infection along with a sore throat. Coricosteroids can be prescribed to reduce swelling in the throat.

Mono can take a lot out of a person. While symptoms may go away in a few weeks you may not feel quite like your old self for several months. Take it easy. If you try to do too much too soon you could have a relapse. Because of the danger to your spleen you should also avoid contact sports until your doctor gives you the "all clear". Mild exercise however will help you regain your strength.

Prevention

There is no vaccine available to prevent mono. Most people who are exposed to people with infectious mononucleosis have previously been infected with the Epstein-Barr virus and are not at risk. Because a person remains infected even after symptoms fade it is considered prudent not to kiss share food drinking straws glasses and utensils for up to six months.