Nosebleed (Epistaxis)

Overview

A nosebleed medically known as epistaxis is the relatively common occurrence of hemorrhage (bleeding) from the nose usually noticed when it drains out through the nostrils. There are two types: anterior (the most common) and posterior (less common and more severe). Sometimes in more severe cases the blood can come up the sinus and out from the eye. Fresh blood and clotted blood can also flow down into the stomach and cause upset stomachs and vomiting.

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the type of nosebleed:

  1. Anterior nosebleed:
  • Sudden bleeding from one or both nostrils
  1. Posterior nosebleed:
  • Blood flowing down the throat
  • Excessive swallowing
  • Sensation of filling in the ears
  • Coughing up blood
  • Gagging retching
  1. Foreign object lodged in the nose:
  • Difficulty breathing through the affected area
  • Irritation
  • Sensation of an object lodged in the nose

  1. Broken nose:
  • Pain
  • Blood
  • Bruised eyes
  • Misshapen nose
  • Swelling
  • Signs of trauma

Causes

There are a number of causes for nosebleeds. Among them are:

  • Hot / cold air
  • Picking your nose
  • Use of nasal drugs
  • High blood pressure
  • Use of aspirin (thins the blood)
  • Airborne allergies
  • Blowing your nose too hard
  • Tumors
  • May even occur for no apparent reason

Treatment

The flow of blood normally stops when the blood clots which may be encouraged by direct pressure:

  1. Sit up or stand; blood will have a harder time reaching the nose in these positions. Although it may seem like the right thing to do never tilt your head back this will only send the blood down the back of your throat. 
  2. Breathe through your mouth.
  3. Pinch your nose for 10 minutes or until the bleeding stops.

If the bleeding persists consult your doctor as you may have a broken nose or there may be a foreign object obstructing your nasal passages.

  • If the nosebleed is a result of a visible obstruction do not attempt to remove it as this may push the object further into the nostril and cause more damage.
  • If a nosebleed is the result of a break see your doctor. Never attempt to straighten your nose yourself as you could damage it further.

Prevention

To prevent a recurrence of the nosebleed:

  • Lubricate the insides of your nostrils.
  • Avoid alcohol hot drinks smoke and aspirin for seven days.
  • Avoid strenuous activity for a day.
  • Keep your head elevated.
  • Do not pick your nose.